;NEED HELP WITH BLANK BOX QUESTION(question 1 and 4 in conclusion part. )* It would be nice if you can check my answeres too. ;NOTES:

Tube Sample Lane

1 1 kb DNA ladder 1

2 Mother’s DNA 2

3 Child’s DNA 3

4 A.F. #1 DNA 4

5 A.F. #2 DNA 5

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Record the distance each ladder band moved from the well in mm along with the size of the DNA fragments in that band in bp units, based on the bp given in step 19 , in your Lab Notes.

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Lane 1:

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1,000 bp 34 mm

900 bp 36 mm

800 bp 38 mm

700 bp 40 mm

600 bp 43 mm

500 bp 47 mm

400 bp 51 mm

300 bp 56 mm

250 bp 60 mm

200 bp 64 mm

150 bp 69 mm

100 bp 77 mm

50 bp 90 mm

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Lane 2:

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37 mm 850bp

59 mm 265bp

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Lane 3:

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37 mm 850bp

44 mm 575bp

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Lane 4:

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41 mm 670bp

43 mm 600bp

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Lane 5:

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44 mm 575bp

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55 mm 320bp

;Experiment: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DNA FragmentsLab ResultsList the distances traveled in mm for the bands in the DNA ladder in the table below.
Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the 1,000 bp sized DNA fragments whereas the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp sized DNA fragments.

;DNA LadderBandDistance (mm)50 bp ;90 mm100 bp ;77 mm150 bp ;69 mm200 bp ;64 mm250 bp ;60 mm300 bp ;56 mm400 bp ;51 mm500 bp ;47 mm600 bp43 mm ;700 bp40 mm ;800 bp38 mm ;900 bp36 mm ;1,000 bp34 mm ;

;Whose sample had the approximately 570 bp and 320 bp sized DNA fragments? ;A.F. #2What were the sizes of the DNA fragments for alleged father #1? ;

41 mm 670bp

43 mm 600bp Data AnalysisWhich size DNA fragment did the child inherit from her mother? ;37 mm 850bpWhich alleged father, if any, can be definitively ruled out as the child’s biological father? ;A.F. #2ConclusionsHow are new molecules of DNA synthesized in living cells? ;What is the function of DNA? ;

DNA has genetic information that controls our cells. So, DNA is like a blueprint that shows how to construct components of cells like proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This information is carried down to newer generations through inheritance.If each individual has such a small amount of DNA in their cells, how do the bands on the gel contain enough DNA to be visible? ; In order to make DNA visible. The Gel has to be soaked in a dye (ethidium bromide) to bind with the DNA and rinsed off after. Ethidium bromide helps to make DNA visible by glowing brightly in UV rays.Humans only have a few eye colors and only four ABO-based blood types. How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many people have brown eyes or type A blood? ;Suppose a suspicious hair was found in a victim’s home. A gel is set up with the DNA fragments of two suspected criminals in lanes 4 and 5, the DNA fragments of the suspicious hair in lane 3, and the victim’s DNA fragments, as a negative control, are in lane 2. A DNA ladder is in lane 1. The resulting gel is below. Which suspect, if any, committed the crime? Explain your answer.

;Lane 4,5 (two suspected criniminals)

This contains 100% correct material for UMUC Biology 103 LAB05. However, this is an Answer Key, which means, you should put it in your own words. Here is a sample for the Pre lab questions answered:

Pre-Lab Questions

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1. What major events occur during interphase?

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The cell functions at its job, and prepares for mitosis by collecting resources and duplicating organelles (G1) and genetic content (S), then creating proteins needed for nuclear division (G2).

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2. A person, residing in a location where they are exposed to the sun often, develops a mutation in some of their skin cells resulting in cancer. Consider whether their offspring will be born with the same mutation. Use scientific evidence to support your answer.

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It would be highly unlikely that the person’s offspring will be born with same skin cancer mutation because the mutation occurred in the person’s skin cells. Skin cells are somatic cells (body cells) and are not involved in meiosis or reproduction. For the mutation to be passed on to the offspring, a sex cell (sperm or egg) would have to carry the mutation.

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The other questions that will be answered:

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Experiment 1: Following Chromosomal DNA Movement through Meiosis

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Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

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Trial 1 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram:

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Prophase I

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Metaphase I

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Anaphase I

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Telophase I

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Prophase II

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Metaphase II

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Anaphase II

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Telophase I

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Cytokinesis

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Trial 2 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram:

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Prophase I

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Metaphase I

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Anaphase I

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Telophase I

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Prophase II

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Metaphase II

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Anaphase II

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Telophase I

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Cytokinesis

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Post-Lab Questions

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1. ; ; ; What is the ploidy of the DNA at the end of meiosis I? What about at the end of meiosis II

2. ; ; ; How are meiosis I and meiosis II different?

3. ; ; ; Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over?

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4. ; ; ; What combinations of alleles could result from a crossover between BD and bd chromosomes?

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;5. ; ; ; How many chromosomes were present when meiosis I started?

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;6. ; ; ; How many nuclei are present at the end of meiosis II? How many chromosomes are in each?

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;7. ; ; ; Identify two ways that meiosis contributes to genetic recombination.

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8. ; ; ; Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cells?

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;9. ; ; ; Blue whales have 44 chromosomes in every cell. Determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following:

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; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; i. ; ; ; Sperm Cell:

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; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; iv. ; ; ; Daughter Cell from Meiosis II:

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10. ; Research and find a disease that is caused by chromosomal mutations. When does the mutation occur? What chromosomes are affected? What are the consequences?

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11. ; Diagram what would happen if sexual reproduction took place for four generations using diploid (2n) cells.

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Experiment 2: The Importance of Cell Cycle Control

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Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

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Post-Lab Questions

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1. ; ; ; Record your hypothesis from Step 1 in the Procedure section here.

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2. ; ; ; What do your results indicate about cell cycle control?

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3. ; ; ; Suppose a person developed a mutation in a somatic cell which diminishes the performance of the body’s natural cell cycle control proteins. This mutation resulted in cancer, but was effectively treated with a cocktail of cancer-fighting techniques. Is it possible for this person’s future children to inherit this cancer-causing mutation? Be specific when you explain why or why not.

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4. ; ; ; Why do cells which lack cell cycle control exhibit karyotypes which look physically different than cells with normal cell cycle.

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5. ; ; ; What are HeLa cells? Why are HeLa cells appropriate for this experiment?

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